The message container at LPWAN limits the application in the number of possible bytes per transfer. In addition to the physical container, there is always a logical limit. In the European unlicensed band we have one percent duty cycle in the upload. Therefore, only 36 seconds per hour are available for the protocol header and […]
The link budget is the total of all losses and gains from the transmission of a radio wave. A wave is amplified or attenuated by the antenna. During the transmission of a signal between transmitter and receiver, data can be lost. The study of losses and gains is therefore important to calculate the reliability and […]
The cheapest price for NB-IoT in Germany is currently one Euro per year. For one Euro per year you get 50 MBytes Upload or Download. The price applies to GPRS, UMTS and shortly LTE-M. In contrast you get 140 messages with 12 bytes in the upload and 4 messages with 8 bytes in the download […]
The link budget (LB) describes the delta of the transmitted and received power at the receiver. If the Maximum Coupling Loss (MCL) is exceeded, reception is no longer possible. For NB-IoT this is 164 dB. At 164 dB LB, the number of frame repetitions is already high. 164 dB can only be achieved in stand-alone […]
After comparing NB-IoT, LoRaWAN and SIGFOX’s energy consumptions during transmission in the USA and Europe, here is another direct comparison with GSM and SMS. SIGFOX and LoRaWAN repeatedly call out their low energy consumption when compared to SMS with wake-up and registration on the GSM network. Their commentary is that the two unlicensed LPWAN technologies […]
The physics in US is the same than in Europe. The energy consumption of a radio transmitter is computed by multiplying the power output with time. LPWAN in the unlicend band in the US has not to follow a duty cycle but a maximum time of 400 ms per data package plus frequency happing. The […]
The energy consumption of a radio transmitter is computed by multiplying the power output with time. The graph clearly shows the envelope of various LPWA transmitters in Europe over time. In Europe SIGFOX and LoRaWAN are limited to 14 dBm TX power. SIGFOX and NB-IoT are along the right scale of time axis. However, in […]
How do you achieve a redesign from BLE/WiFi to unlicensed LPWAN or NB-IoT? What are the pitfalls you might encounter during the redesign? Why can you not use any old antenna to do the job? What you have to know to pass radio certification in different regions? The unlicensed SubGHz bands in Europe, US, Australia, […]
The antenna is always the key to success for your wireless application. Each antenna has its benefits and drawbacks. The selection of the right antenna at beginning of a development project, or if you are planning the development of a device around the antenna, could save you a lot of money. A: Vertically polarised monopole […]
What is the key difference between the LPWAN technologies? Just watch the 25 minutes video to learn your lesson. If you are interested in your own Weightless P BTS and some Weightless P modules then do not hesitate to drop an email to harald.naumann (at) gsm-modem.de . I will take care that you get your […]