I get questions about LPWAN designs each week. The question below I will answer online, because it is a generic question. NB-IoT / LTEM / LoRaWAN design question: Hi Harald, We’ve been in contact a few times a few years ago now (!), discussing low power wireless and RF topics. Great to see how much […]
First of all, we have to establish whether the mobile emergency call button is to be used locally in a building, on a company campus, or nationwide in a European or a non-European country. In this article, we will first limit the mobile emergency button to use in Germany. The design for Germany can easily […]
Which is better: UDP, TCP, MQTT, CoaP or LWM2M? Q: Our application is an asset tracker on NB-IoT, LTE-M, GPRS and GNSS. We need to send the current position of the tracking device to a remote server after a particular interval. I am looking for the LWM2M protocol which consumes less energy & headers added […]
The grey map with the blue triangles shows the cellular base stations in the Kirchheim area. This map is available online from the Federal Network Agency in Germany. In Germany the locations of the cellular base stations are publicly accessible for everybody. The base stations vary in height from about 5 m up to 48 […]
Why now NB-IoT instead of LoRaWAN or Sigfox? There are hundreds of reasons for NB-IoT and hundreds against LoRaWAN and Sigfox. Below is a typical example. The potential customer already prefers NB-IoT and we can deliver NB-IoT with fallback to GSM. In Germany there is no Sigfox Indoor in my city. In the three neighbouring […]
LPWAN for a small village – not in Gaul (Latin: Gallia) The year is 2019 Anno Domini, and cellular operators occupy all Hessian and a lot of them have imperfect indoor coverage in the basement of houses. Well, not entirely… One small village of indomitable Hessians plans to change it. However, how can Harald, Martin […]
Neustadt am Rübenberge is a town in the northwest of Hannover with an area of 359 km2. Only about 18,000 inhabitants live in the city centre. The remaining 23,000 inhabitants live in the surrounding 33 villages. Neustadt am Rübenberge is the ninth largest town in Germany in terms of area on the list of all […]
The simulation is based on a request in a thread a about LPWAN on LinkedIn. A simulation of an LPWAN gateway on Mount Arapiles in Australia was requested. The height of the gateway antenna above ground was set to 25 m before in other simulations. The height of the antenna at the sensor was set […]
When a rectilinear radio wave hits an edge, it changes its course. This effect is called diffraction. By diffraction, we understand a bending effect during the propagation of electromagnetic and acoustic waves. The diffraction causes a change from the straight-line propagation of the waves and occurs at obstructions, mountains or buildings. A simple, free simulation […]
Low frequencies in the 900 MHz range are a blessing and a curse for LPWAN. The low frequencies spread further in the open field and penetrate the walls of buildings better. But the curse of the low frequencies is the much wider Fresnel zone. To ensure undisturbed transmission, the space between the transmitter and receiver […]